BUN
Normal: 6-24 mg/dL
Blood Urea Nitrogen - waste product from protein metabolism filtered by kidneys. Elevated in renal failure, dehydration, and high protein states.
Learn MoreRenal Function Tests
Creatinine
Normal: 0.6-1.2 mg/dL
Waste product from muscle metabolism. More specific than BUN for kidney function. Used to calculate eGFR and detect AKI.
Learn MoreeGFR
Normal: ≥90 mL/min/1.73m²
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate - calculated measure of kidney filtration. Best overall indicator of kidney function and CKD staging.
Learn MoreBUN:Cr Ratio
Normal: 10:1 to 20:1
Helps differentiate prerenal azotemia from intrinsic renal failure. Elevated ratio (>20:1) suggests dehydration or decreased renal perfusion.
Learn MoreElectrolytes
Sodium (Na+)
Normal: 136-145 mEq/L
Primary extracellular cation regulating fluid balance, osmolality, and neuromuscular function.
Learn MorePotassium (K+)
Normal: 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Critical for cardiac and neuromuscular function. Kidney disease is a major cause of hyperkalemia.
Learn MoreChloride (Cl-)
Normal: 96-106 mEq/L
Major extracellular anion that helps maintain acid-base balance, osmolality, and electrical neutrality.
Learn MoreBicarbonate (HCO3-)
Normal: 22-28 mEq/L
Key buffer in acid-base balance. Decreased in metabolic acidosis (common in renal failure).
Learn MoreMedical Disclaimer
- For Educational Purposes Only: This content is intended for educational reference and should not be used for clinical decision-making.
- Not a Substitute for Professional Judgment: Always consult your local protocols, institutional guidelines, and supervising physicians.
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The clinical content and references are curated and reviewed by myself; however, AI was used to assist in organizing, paraphrasing, and formatting the information presented.