Pediatrics

Appearance, work of breathing, and circulation — the across-the-room assessment every provider needs.

Normal HR, RR, BP, and weight ranges from neonate through adolescence — with formulas and clinical context.

Broselow tape color zones, weight ranges, pre-calculated medication doses, and equipment sizing by zone.

Recognize inflicted injury early: bruising rules, sentinel injuries, abusive head trauma and when to report

Match the pain scale to the child's age and ability, then dose analgesia by measured weight with a maximum.

Adult lab ranges do not fit the child at the bedside: read every value against age

Key anatomical differences — large occiput, anterior larynx, funnel-shaped airway — and what they mean for management.

ETT size formulas, blade selection, LMA sizing, and a master equipment table from premature to adolescent.

Barking cough and stridor in a small airway: score it, treat it, and rule out the look-alikes

Infants with wheeze and work of breathing: suction, titrate oxygen, support feeding, and skip the routine bronchodilator.

Work of breathing is compensation: act on distress before the child tires and the heart rate falls

Shockable and non-shockable algorithms, H's and T's, medication dosing, and post-ROSC management.

Compensated vs decompensated shock, hypovolemic, distributive, cardiogenic, and obstructive etiologies with management.

Most newborns need warmth, an open airway and effective breaths. Know the few steps that change outcomes and when to escalate.

Sepsis is organ dysfunction from infection: the first hour decides the outcome

A slow heart with a pulse: oxygenate and ventilate first, start CPR only for poor perfusion, then give epinephrine per PALS.

A fast rhythm in a child is a symptom: decide whether it is sinus or SVT, then whether the child is perfusing.

Hemorrhage with late hypotension, the PECARN head and neck rules, and pediatric TBI care

Most newborns need drying, warmth and skin-to-skin contact, not drugs. Score the Apgar, clamp late, stay warm and check glucose if at risk.

Emergency medication doses, RSI agents, fluid calculations, and the common dosing errors that kill kids.

Peripheral IV sites by age, IO insertion technique, central venous access, and the 90-second rule.

Estimate the deficit, restore perfusion with isotonic fluid, and correct sodium slowly

Pediatric DKA: insulin without a bolus, weight-based fluids and watching for cerebral edema

Seizure with fever in a child aged 6 months to 5 years: time it, treat at 5 minutes, and look past the fever for meningitis.

Toddlers swallow what they find: act early on batteries, magnets, pods and drugs, and call the poison center.