Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)

RBC Count

Men: 4.6-6.2 M/μL | Women: 4.2-5.4 M/μL

Number of red blood cells per microliter. Evaluates anemia and polycythemia. Decreased in blood loss, hemolysis, or bone marrow failure.

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Hemoglobin (Hgb)

Men: 13-18 g/dL | Women: 12-16 g/dL

Oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells. Best single indicator of anemia. Critical for transfusion decisions.

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Hematocrit (Hct)

Men: 41.5-50.4% | Women: 35.9-44.6%

Percentage of blood volume occupied by RBCs. Affected by hydration status. Generally ~3× hemoglobin value.

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RBC Indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC)

MCV: 80-100 fL

Red cell size and hemoglobin content. MCV classifies anemia as microcytic (<80), normocytic, or macrocytic (>100).

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White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)

WBC Count

Normal: 4,500-11,000 cells/μL

Total white blood cell count. Elevated in infection, inflammation, stress, or malignancy. Low in immunosuppression or bone marrow failure.

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WBC Differential

5 Cell Types (see details)

Breakdown of WBC types: neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils. Essential for infection type and hematologic diagnosis.

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Platelets (Thrombocytes)

Platelet Count

Normal: 150,000-450,000/μL

Cell fragments essential for blood clotting. Low count (thrombocytopenia) increases bleeding risk; high count (thrombocytosis) increases clot risk.

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