Clinical Conditions

Start CPR and defibrillate early, give epinephrine every 3–5 min, then hunt for the cause.

Recognize it from the pattern, give IM epinephrine first, then support the airway, breathing and circulation.

Maternal CPR with left uterine displacement, the ACLS pathway, and resuscitative hysterotomy with delivery aimed for within 5 minutes.

Recognize pericardial compression from bedside signs and echo, bridge with fluid and a vasopressor, then drain at a capable center.

Confirm pump failure, grade by SCAI stage, start norepinephrine, add an inotrope if output stays low, then route to reperfusion.

Stop the bleeding, activate massive transfusion, give early TXA and balanced products, and transport to a trauma center.

After ROSC: restore perfusion, control oxygen, ventilation and fever, find the cause, and wait before judging neurologic outcome.

Recognize infection with organ dysfunction, give antibiotics within 1 hour, fluids with reassessment, then norepinephrine to MAP 65.

Classify shock by hemodynamic profile, check perfusion and MAP, then treat the cause: distributive, cardiogenic, hypovolemic or obstructive.

Control the bleeding, secure the airway and decompress only for tension: epinephrine is not routine, and transport is early.

Get a 12-lead ECG within 10 minutes, route STEMI to reperfusion, and treat NSTE-ACS with antithrombotic therapy.

Sort by blood pressure and perfusion, open the airway with CPAP, then treat with diuretics, nitrates or inotropes.

Find the slow rhythm that is hurting the patient, give atropine, then pace when it fails.

Stable or unstable first, then QRS width: vagal maneuver, adenosine, rate control or synchronized cardioversion.

Dissection and ruptured AAA: slow the heart first, lower the pressure to target, skip lytics, and get to surgery fast.

Severe BP with new organ injury: lower it in steps with a titratable IV drug, matched to the organ at risk.

Risk-stratify suspected PE, anticoagulate early and reserve lytics and PERT escalation for shock.

Separate cardiac syncope from reflex and orthostatic causes, and find the patient who needs monitoring or admission.

Recognize the hypoxemic pattern, ventilate lung-protectively, turn prone early in severe ARDS, and refer for ECMO when refractory.

Bronchodilators and steroid first, oxygen titrated to SpO₂ 88–92%, and early NIV for hypercapnic failure.

Recognize severe pneumonia early, give antibiotics without delay, decide on ICU care, and prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia.

Spot the one-sided lung, decompress when tension is present, then drain the air or blood and transport safely.

Grade it early, give nebulized bronchodilators and steroids first, then protect the airway and ventilate at a low rate.

Time the deficit from last known well, screen for large-vessel occlusion, and get the patient to the right stroke center.

Intracerebral and subarachnoid bleeding: control blood pressure, reverse anticoagulants and transfer early to neurosurgical care.

Seizure lasting 5 minutes or longer: benzodiazepine first, then a second-line drug, with airway and ICU escalation.

Head injury from scene to ICU: protect oxygen and pressure, act on herniation signs, and control ICP one step at a time.

Recognize shock out of proportion to the trigger, then give hydrocortisone without waiting for labs.

Confirm DKA by glucose, ketones and acidosis, start fluids, check potassium, then run insulin to resolution.

Protect the heart with calcium, shift potassium with insulin and dextrose, then remove it: ECG-guided care from EMS to transport.

Glucose and osmolality confirm HHS with little ketosis: fluids first, check potassium, then start low-dose insulin.

In diabetes, treat a glucose below 70 mg/dL: 15 g oral glucose if alert, IV dextrose or glucagon if not, then recheck at 15 minutes.

Treat severe symptoms with 3% saline, then correct sodium slowly: bedside care from EMS through transport, with ODS limits.

Sort ischemia, perforation, obstruction and biliary sepsis early, then resuscitate, image fast and get surgery in.

Stage AKI by creatinine and urine output, treat potassium and acid-base threats first, then decide on dialysis.

Sickle cell pain, factor before imaging for bleeding disorders, and transfusion decisions for severe anemia.

Early fluids, calcium and insulin for reperfusion hyperkalemia, CK and kidney care, and fast recognition of compartment syndrome.

Triage the source, transfuse restrictively, start the variceal bundle early, and scope within 12 hr if variceal, 24 hr if nonvariceal.

Spot abdominal and pelvic bleeding early, use FAST and CT with purpose, and get to a trauma center with surgery and IR.

Cool thermal burns, irrigate chemical ones, decide on burn-center referral, then start the resuscitation plan for large burns.

Check pulse, sensation and motion before and after every splint or reduction, control bleeding first, and start open-fracture antibiotics.

Secure the airway early in facial and neck trauma, sort hard from soft neck signs, and know when a stable airway can still fail.

Irrigate chemical burns, shield suspected globe rupture, decompress the orbit, and treat sudden painless vision loss as a stroke emergency.

Rule out bleeding first, then treat the low pressure and slow heart rate, keep the cord perfused and get to a trauma center.

Recognize flail chest, pulmonary contusion and blunt cardiac or aortic injury, and know when a normal ECG is not enough.

Injury in a pregnant patient: resuscitate the mother first, watch for abruption, give Rh immune globulin within 72 hours, and transport.

Plot the 4-hour level, give IV acetylcysteine when in doubt, then watch the liver for the next 24–72 hours.

Tremor and tachycardia 6–24 hours after the last drink: benzodiazepine by severity, thiamine, and escalation for seizure or delirium.

Treat the shock early: call toxicology, then give calcium (CCB), high-dose insulin and vasopressors as first-line therapy.

Fever after a drug trigger: stop the drug, sedate and cool, and match rigidity or clonus to the syndrome.

Ventilate first, then titrate naloxone to breathing, and watch for recurrence and non-opioid sedatives.

Cholinergic crisis: decontaminate, titrate atropine to a clear chest, give pralidoxime, treat seizures, watch for intermediate syndrome.

Alkalinize with IV bicarbonate, match minute ventilation before you intubate, and apply the EXTRIP criteria for dialysis.

Smoke victims: protect the airway, give 100% oxygen for CO, and treat suspected cyanide early without waiting for labs.

Read the pattern in pupils, skin, vitals and mental status, then secure the airway and give the matching antidote.

Read the QRS, ventilate, give sodium bicarbonate to narrow it, and treat seizures early.

Stage the cold patient, handle gently, rewarm without arrest, and use the HOPE score to decide early ECLS transfer.

Core temperature above 40 °C with CNS change: cool now, and keep cooling on the way to ICU-level care.

Pregnancy physiology fools the vitals, so know the red flags and know how to treat hyperemesis.

Late-pregnancy bleeding: no vaginal exam if previa is possible, treat the mother first, give Rh immune globulin when due.

Pain or bleeding in pregnancy: think ectopic first, send unstable patients to the ED, and give anti-D at 12 weeks or more if Rh-negative.

Measure the blood loss, massage the uterus (not if inverted), give oxytocin and TXA early, and escalate early if bleeding continues.

Severe-range BP and seizures in pregnancy or up to 6 weeks postpartum: treat the BP, give magnesium and transport to obstetric care.

Agitation, psychosis or suicidal behavior: exclude a medical cause, sedate safely, screen for suicide, then clear and hand off.

Older adults: atypical presentations, blunted reserve, beta-blocker masking, anticoagulated falls, delirium and polypharmacy.

Start with verbal de-escalation, give IM sedation if danger persists, and restrain briefly, never prone.